Chapter 8: Natural Deduction Practice Problems
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Ordinary Language Arguments
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For each of the following problems, take the information in the passage as premises, and use the methods of natural deduction to determine which of provided conclusion validly follows.
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1. They told me that my organization will avoid a lawsuit if, and only if, we adequately change our logo or our name. The board is unwilling to change our name, so…
a)If the board doesn’t change our logo, then we will be sued. b)Our company must change it’s logo. c)If we are sued, then we must not have adequately changed our logo. d)If we are sued or face other legal action, then our board must have changed its mind. 2. This contract is considered void if, and only if, at least one of the following occur: either party violates one of the aforementioned terms of the agreement, enters into an exclusive agreement with a third party regarding the services discussed herein, or either party becomes unable to honor the agreement. If the contract is made void, then that party who makes it void will be required to pay remuneration in an amount to be set by a third party arbiter.
a)If either party pays remuneration, then they must have violated the terms of the agreement. b)Unless one party violates one of the terms of the agreement, enters into an exclusive agreement with a third party, or becomes unable to honor the agreement, then there will be no remuneration that will need to be paid. c)If there is no remuneration that must be paid, then neither party must have entered into an exclusive agreement with a third party. d)If there is any remuneration needed, then the contract is void. 3. I don’t think that either a patient has an inflamed toe and kidney stones, or she doesn’t have gout.
a)A patient may have gout and not have an inflamed toe or not have kidney stones. b)If a patient has gout, then she doesn’t have an inflamed toe or kidney stones. c)If a patient has gout, then she either has an inflamed toe or she has kidney stones. d)If a patient doesn’t have an inflamed toe and doesn’t have kidney stones, then she has gout. |